This project will directly target the top two of the four articulated priorities in Yemen’s National Adaptation Plan of Action, namely: (1) improving community resilience to climate change through the development of sustainable rural livelihoods; and (2) improving agricultural production under erratic rains and changing climatic conditions. This project intends to enhance coping strategies for adaptation to climate change for farmers who rely on rainfed agriculture in the Yemen highlands, through the conservation and utilization of biodiversity important to agriculture (particularly the local land races and their wild relatives) and associated local traditional knowledge. In terms of its overall strategic approach, the project seeks to integrate adaptation to climate change with the conservation and utilization of agrobiodiversity resources by: (1) bringing together local/traditional knowledge, particularly that of female farmers, with modern farming techniques and practices; (2) developing vulnerability profiles at the appropriate (community/district/governorate) level for target species/varieties, and (3) developing adequate and appropriate coping mechanisms as well as policy, institutional, and technology options.