Policies in Argentina:
Argentina: Biofuels Act 26,093
The Act mandates the use of at least a 5% bio-ethanol or bio-diesel mix in the gasoline and diesel distributed in Argentina. In addition, the above act establishes the mandatory use of biofuels in a percentage to be determined by governmental entities and anticipates an increase in the above mentioned 5% rate in the future. Accordingly, the Biofuels Act has secured a market for the domestic supply of grain-based fuels. Mandatory fuel mixture shall only come in force in 2010.
Date Implemented: 2006
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: http://www.mna.com.ar/publicaciones/02_energia/MNAEnergy&MiningBulletinS...
Argentina: Conservation and Efficiency
The country has a relatively strong energy conservation and efficiency program focusing on cogeneration of heat and power, energy appliance labeling, and efficient lighting.
References: http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-in-depth/all_reports/argentina/...
Argentina: Convocatoria presentación de ideas de proyectos MDL - 2007
La Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable dependiente de la Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros de la Nación, en el marco de las actividades llevadas a cabo por el Fondo Argentino de Carbono en el mes de abril de 2007, convoca a la presentación de ideas de proyecto en los sectores de: generación de energía renovable; recuperación de gases a partir de tratamiento de efluentes y residuos animales; industria siderúrgica; y forestación, que puedan ser enmarcados dentro del Mecanismo para un Desarrollo Limpio (MDL), establecido en el artículo 12 del Protocolo de Kyoto de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático (CMNUCC). Objetivos de la convocatoria:
Identificar / seleccionar proyectos entre los campos mencionados anteriormente para brindar asistencia en desarrollo del Documento de Diseño de Proyecto (PDD) de forma tal que pueda alcanzar su registro ante las autoridades internacionales correspondientes.
Date Implemented: Starting: March 25 2007 Ending: April 27 2007.
Status: Voluntary
References: http://www.ambiente.gov.ar/
Argentina: Efficient Lighting Initiative
Promotes the sale of efficient lamps to residential users around the country.
Status: In Force; Voluntary
Funding Information: IFC-GEF project
References: World Bank, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/05/17...
Argentina: Energy Efficiency Project
The Project’s main activities are:
To promote EE investments and practices by end-users by supporting further market penetration of energy efficient equipment and services, including ESCOs;
To facilitate EE and demand-side management (DSM) investments by electric power distribution companies;
To provide technical assistance for Project promotion, monitoring and management. Implementing Agency: World Bank
Date Implemented: 2006-2012
Status: Planned; Voluntary
Funding Information: The estimated total cost of the EE Project is US$40.3 million. The Project will be financed by a GEF grant, bilateral donors, the Argentine Government, energy companies, commercial financing sources, and other stakeholder and participants.
Budget:
GEF Grant: US$ 15,500,000
Co-financing: US$ 82,613,000
Total Budget:US$ 98,113,000
References: http://esa.un.org/un-energy/mapping/WB.EFF/21_Argentina%20Energy%20Effic...
Argentina: International Action Programme (IAP), Promotion of Renewable Energies in Argentina with the Aim of Achieving 8% of Power Consumption from Renewable Energies
Small-scale use of HEP; development of small-scale hydroelectric installations in Gobernador Gregores (Sta. Cruz Province); modernisation of small water power facilities and construction of new power stations over existing engineering works
Pilot fuel cell project; fuel cell application in context of renewable energies
Rural electrification based on renewable energies
PERMER Project (Renewable Energies in Rural Markets)
Date Implemented: Preparatory Phase
Status: Planned, Government Initiative
Funding Information: Funding is secured through the Government of Argentina
Targets: A: Promotion of Wind and Solar Energy Act (25019)
B: Development of a regulatory framework for renewable energies in Argentina (8% of power consumption from renewable energies) based on a National Congress Act on the promotion of Renewable Energies for all sources C: Flagship Programme for the Development of Renewable Energies
References:
http://ren21.net/pdf/International_Action_Programme.pdf
Argentina: Landfill Gas Capture Projects
The main objective of the project activity is to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the sanitary landfills of the cities of Salta and Olavarria. The projects will generate revenues through the selling of certified emission reductions in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Revenue will be administered by the respective Municipalities to improve landfill operation and overall waste management for the cities, as well as toward the community benefits plan.
Date Implemented: implementation to begin 2008
Status: in progress
Funding Information: World Bank Carbon Financing Unit
Targets: The project in Salta will displace 210,900 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) into the atmosphere over 21 years, starting in 2008.
References: http://carbonfinance.org/Router.cfm?Page=Projport&ProjID=33518
http://carbonfinance.org/Router.cfm?Page=Projport&ProjID=9595
Argentina: Law to promote hydrogen as a fuel
The Argentine National Congress approved a law to promote the development and use of hydrogen as a fuel. Under the new law, the development of technology, production, use and applications of hydrogen as fuel have been declared of general interest and research and development of this field shall be fostered by the government. The law gives considerable tax benefits for fifteen (15) years to promote the production, use and applications of hydrogen, such as: a) early refund of value added tax when buying, manufacturing, elaborating or importing capital goods; b) accelerated amortization for income tax purposes; c) exemption from minimum presumptive income tax; d) exemption from liquid and natural gas special tax
Date Implemented: 2006
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: http://www.mna.com.ar/publicaciones/02_energia/MNAEnergy&MiningBulletinS...
Argentina: Ley Nacional 20.284 Contaminación Atmosférica
The government established the framework for for researching and implementing methods of prevention and control of atmospheric contamination.
Date Implemented: 1973
Status: Voluntary
References: http://www.ambiente.gov.ar/
Argentina: Ley Nacional 25.675 Ley General del Ambiente
The General Environmental Law lays out the organizing principles and the basic framework of Argentina’s environmental policy. The instruments of the policy include the evaluation of environmental impact, a system of control of the development of human activities, environmental education and information dissemination, and promoting sustainable development. It calls for ‘the competent authorities’ to take measures to protect the environment, to implement voluntary restrictions and also incentives and measures to promote environmental management. The precautionary principle is one of the organizing principles behind Argentina’s General Environmental Law.
Date Implemented: 2002
Status: In Force
References: http://www.ambiente.gov.ar/
Argentina: Ley nacional de la actividad nuclear
This policy describes the regulatory framework for the investigation and development of Argentina’s nuclear program.
Date Implemented: 1997
Status: In Force
References: http://www.farn.org.ar/bd/ecolegis/tc/2822.html
Argentina: National emissions target
The emission target shall be expressed as E = I *?P., where emissions (E) are measured in tons of carbon equivalent and GDP (P) in 1993 Argentine pesos at market prices. The value chosen for the index I (151.5) is aimed at ensuring an effective GHG emission reduction for Argentina, in a wide range of scenarios, which includes the most likely macro-economic and Agriculture and Livestock Production baseline scenarios.
Status: Mandatory
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
http://www.whrc.org/policy/climate_change/ActionPDF/WHRC7-Argentina.pdf
Argentina: Programa Nacional de Energias y Combustibles Alternativos y Sustentables
To help financing for the development of alternative and sustainable fuels.
Date Implemented: 2001
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: http://www.farn.org.ar/bd/ecolegis/tc/2822.html
Argentina: Proyecto de Energia Renovable en el Mercado Electrico Rural (PERMER)
Off-grid electricity concessions. In an effort to compensate for
the off-grid electricity that was not generated by the PAEPRA program
(now expired), the PERMER program was put in place as a component of
the PAEPRA in eight provinces. The PERMER program aims to provide
electricity to 70,000 households and 1,100 public services.
A concessionaire approach is used where a concessionaire obtains the
monopoly of a given province in turn for the obligation to connect the
service when requested by the customers and to maintain its continuity
over the duration of the concession. The concessionaire is chosen via a
competitive bidding process.
Date Implemented: 1999
Status: Ended
Funding Information: $120 million projected
References: International Energy Agency: http://www.iea.org/Textbase/pm/?mode=re&id=1440&action=detail
Argentina: Reducing emissions
Argentina announced a voluntary effort to restrict greenhouse gas emissions within a range of 2 to 10 percent below the projected baseline level during 2008-2012 based on three different GDP growth scenarios. Argentina stated that this target would become an international obligation when the Kyoto Protocol entered into force and when new alternatives were produced to allow non-Annex I countries that adopt voluntary goals to participate in the mechanisms established by the protocol.
Date Implemented: 1999
References: Communication to the UNFCCC http://www.whrc.org/policy/climate_change/ActionPDF/WHRC7-Argentina.pdf
Argentina: Renewable Energies in the Rural Market (PERMER)
The PERMER (Proyecto de Energía Renovable en el Mercado Eléctrico Rural) is to supply modern energy based on renewable sources to dispersed rural populations. PERMER aims at providing electricity for lighting and social communication (radio and TV) to about 70,000 rural households and 1,100 provincial public service institutions through eight private concessionaires using mainly renewable energy systems.
Status: In Force
Funding Information: The estimated total costs of PERMER are US$120.5 million which will be financed by the Bank (US$30 million loan), the GEF (US$10 million grant), the Electricity Investment Development Fund FEDEI (US$26.5 million subsidy to customers), the concessionaires (US$44 million) and the customers (US$10 million), over an implementation period of six years (GEF, 1998a).
References: World Bank,
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/05/17...
http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/external/lac/lac.nsf/265a7fff47916d7d85256...
Argentina: Renewable Energy Law
The Argentine statute outlines which sources of renewable energy will qualify for state support, provides tax breaks for renewable energy equipment and offers tariffs for certain renewable resources. It includes promotion of wind, solar, and small hydro power, a fuel cell project, and rural electrification.
The project is designed to:
-identify policies for removing obstacles to renewables development;
-provide better information on natural resources and projects, especially initiatives on biomass residues; and
-adapt the present legal framework to foster the introduction of distributed generation.
Date Implemented: 2007
Status: In Force
Target: 8% of electricity from renewables over the next 10 years.
Funding Information: government of Argentina, also partnership with Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP)
References: REEEP: http://www.reeep.org/index.php?id=17&content=2663
http://www.ren21.net/iap/commitment.asp?id=18
Argentina: Resolución 113/2001 Energía Eléctrica
This policy grants a tax deferment to power stations that use Solar or Wind generation for capacity installation or expansion.
Date Implemented: 2001
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: http://www.farn.org.ar/bd/ecolegis/tc/2822.html
Argentina: Resolución 1237/02 Apruébanse los procedimientos de ensayo y límites máximos para los distintos contaminantes, en relación con la aprobación de emisiones gaseosas y sus extensiones, para motores del ciclo Otto, alimentados a GNC que equipen vehículos pesados.
The government set emissions limits for CNG fed motors for heavy vehicles in accordance with European Standards. It also set up the procedural framework for testing and certification.
Date Implemented: 2002
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: http://www.ambiente.gov.ar/
Argentina: Resolución 708/96 Normas de medición de concentración de gases y material particulado emitidos por chimenea.
Argentina adpoted international norms and standards for measuring gas concentrations and particulate matter emitted by chimneys. The policy does not appear to involve any regulatory instruments.
Date Implemented: 1996
Status: In Force
References: www2.medioambiente.gov.ar/mlegal/aire/res708_96.htm