Policies in Indonesia:
Indonesia: A National Strategy - Action Plan of Climate Change
No description available at this time.
Indonesia: Act no 14 on Traffic and Land Transportation
All motorized vehicles are subject to testing regarding emissions and noise.
Date Implemented: 1992
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: Minister of Environment Decree No. Kep-45/MENLH/10/1997 regarding Air Pollution Standard Index
Sets the nationwide air pollution standard index.
Date Implemented: 1997
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: Area traffic control system (ATCS)
To regulate inflow from outside Jakarta into Jakarta in the morning, and the outflow in the evening, the government and the freeway administrators considered the idea of a road pricing scheme. It would increase inflow toll price into the city during morning, and outflow toll price during the evening. Within the city, a mandatory pricing scheme in the form of stickers or three in one regulations will be applied in highly congested areas such as the Central Business District. These initiatives did not materialize, however. The Area Traffic Control System is applied in main corridors and in the most dense traffic areas. Carpooling is encouraged and promoted through incentives: with the 3-in-1scheme, for two main corridors only private cars with three or more passengers can enter during peak hours (6:30-10am/5-7pm on weekdays).
Date Implemented: 1996
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Indonesia: Minister of Environment Decree No. Kep-15/MENLH/11/1996 regarding Blue Sky Program
This decree established a nationwide air pollution control program for municipalities
Date Implemented: 1996
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: Blue Sky Program (Program Langit Biru) Decree No. 1585/k/32/MPE
This policy was initiated to improve air quality in Indonesia’s five largest cities: Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surabya, and Medan. This program seeks to control emission from both moving sources (transportation sector) and idle source (residential, commercial and industrial sector). It will focus on (1) reducing traffic by increasing the capacity of the public transportation and encouraging the use of public transportation and (2) internalizing the cost of emission through levies and incentives. It also imposes controls on 20 industries to reduce pollution. The government also mandated the gradual phasing out of leaded gasoline. This Decree specifies the date (Jan 1, 2003) for the phase-out of leaded gasoline. Leaded gasoline has been completely phased out of the greater Jakarta area but efforts to extend the ban nationwide have thus far been only marginally successful.
Date Implemented: 1991/1992
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; EIA: Indonesia: Environmental Issues, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/indoe.html
Indonesia: Clean River Program or Program Kali Bersih (PROKASIH)
The PROKASIH Program involved five steps: (1) establishing local PROKASIH teams; (2) identifying specific firms in highly polluting industries – the target polluters; (3) getting these firms to sign voluntary letters of commitment to reduce pollution loads by 50 percent within an agreed timeframe; (4) monitoring subsequent results; and (5) applying pressure on those not making efforts to comply with their commitment. The implementation of PROKASIH was carried out by provincial authorities with the support of central agencies as needed. In addition, the media, NGOs and community groups were encouraged to participate and get involved.
Date Implemented: 1989
Status: Voluntary
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: Decree No. Kep-35A/MENLH/7/1995 to Assess Compliant Performance to PROKISIH Effort
This decree establishes rewards for companies who comply with environmental regulations and who actively participate in the PROKASIH program
Date Implemented: 1995
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: draft ‘Blueprint for National Energy Management 2005-2025’
The Plan emphasizes on the utilization of energy in efficient, equitable and sustainable way and widening public accessibility for energy sufficiency with reasonable price.The Plan targeted that RE contribute 4% of the country’s electricity demand by 2025. As a criticism of Plan the Indonesian Forum for Environment (WALHI) promoted the Jakarta seminar whose conclusions were pushing for the Blueprint to be redrafted with the aim of achieving around 20% of RE by 2025.
Date Implemented: 2005
Status: Planned; Framework Policy
References: http://www.iea-gia.org/documents/GIA2005AnnualReportDraftWairakei4Dec200...
Indonesia: Eastern Indonesia Hybrid Energy Project
Advanced Energy Systems of Western Australia in conjunction with Indonesian company PT LEN Industries has been chosen to design, install and monitor the performance of solar/diesel hybrid power system in 14 villages in South Sulawesi.
Date Implemented: 2001
Status: In Force; Government Initiative
Funding Information: US$4.2 million//4.7 (source). Local provision: costs other than equipment costs
References: National Strategy Study of the Clean Development Mechanism in Indonesia; Advanced Energy Systems: Hybrid Project in Sulawesi,
Indonesia: Electricity Bill (Law no. 20/2002)
Although the restrucutring of the electricity sector in Indonesia began in the late 1990s, the Electricity Bill, which outlined the path toward a liberalized electricity sector, was not passed until 2002. This legislation included measures to facilitate the privatization of the sector, introducing a multi-seller/multi-buyer system. It also stipulated the social and environmental responsibilities of power producers, such as requring a certain percentage of renewable energy used and a percentage of electricity provided to the poor. It was annulled by the Constitutional Court in 2004 because it was seen to be not in line with the Constitution. The Government of Indonesia will draft a new law, but in the meantime, the Electricity Law no. 15/1985 has been reenacted. However, the contracts made under Law no. 20/2002 whereby private investors producing power sell to PLN are still valid, and these transactions are regulated by Government Decree no. 3/2005.
Date Implemented: 2002
Status: Ended
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Indonesia: Minister of Environment Decree No. Kep-35/MENLH/10/1993 regarding Emission Limit for Gas Waste of Motor Vehicles
This decree limits for CO and HC emissions for motor vehicles.
Date Implemented: 1993
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: Minister of Environment Decree No. Kep-13/MENLH/3/1995 regarding Emission Standard for Stationery Sources
This decree limits for CO and HC emissions from stationary sources.
Date Implemented: 1995
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: Energy Label for household appliances; SNI 04-6958-2003
No information available
Indonesia: Presidential Decree No.10/2006 on Establishment of National Team for Biofuel Development (July, 2006)
Establishment of National Team for Green Energy Development for: Blueprint, Roadmap, Action Plan on Biofuels (Land Mapping & Use, Policy Issues, On Farm & Production, Infrastructure, Distribution & Pricing Funding)
Date Implemented: 2006
Status: In Force; Government Initiative
References: http://unit.aist.go.jp/internat/biomassws/03workshop/material/day1indone...
Indonesia: Farm efficiency education
The government became aware that rural livestock management and farming practices could be more efficient, cost effective, and socially acceptable without reducing yield. (ex- in livestock management, the use of high quality forage such as legumes, and the use of rumen modifier to improve the feed quality of local crop residues can reduce methane. In paddy rice cultivation, controlled irrigation can lead to a reduction of CH4 emission). The government is committed to promote better agricultural practices by conducting nation-wide campaigns in collaboration with the provincial and local governments.
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Indonesia: Forest Policy
Restriction of tree harvesting and forest conversion in upland areas, stepping up enforcement of laws concerning logging concessions and other upland land use, increasing monitoring activities, establishing fuelwood plantations, improving soil conservation techniques, and upgrading water management structures to control water flows and prevent soil erosion.
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Indonesia: GOI Signs Biofuel Memorandum of understanding (MOUs) With Local Banks
Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani Indrawati signed memorandum of understanding (MOUs) with state-owned Bank Mandiri, Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Bank Bukopin, and two regional banks, to provide up to Rp 25.6 trillion ($2.8 billion) for the finance the development of agricultural crops for bio-energy and the revitalization of existing plantations. The banks will disburse the loans in stages over the next few years according to plantations’ needs. Under the terms of the MOU, interest rates on loans to plantations will be capped at 10%, with the GOI subsidizing any further interest charges. The GOI pledged in its Fiscal Year 2007 budget to provide interest-rate subsidies of up to Rp 1 trillion ($111 million) to support the program. Coordinating Minister for the Economy Boediono, Minister of Agriculture Anton Apriyantono, Bank of Indonesia Governor Burhanuddin Abdullah and local government heads witnessed the MOU signing.
Date Implemented: 2006
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: http://www.usembassyjakarta.org/econ/energy_highlight_dec06.html
Indonesia: Government Regulation No. 26/2006 (amendment of Government Regulation No. 3/ 2005)
About the National Electricity General Plan (RUKN): Government issues RUKN which contains electricity demand forecasting, electricity supply on sector basis, electricity facilities (transmission & distribution), primary energy utilization. Target : 93% household shall be electrified by 2025, 100% rural/villages shall be electrified by 2010. About private sector participation in electricity supply business: BUMN, BUMD, cooperatives, private sector, NGOs and individual may develop electricity supply as an Electric power business license holder.
Date Implemented: 2006
Status: In Force; Voluntary
Indonesia: Government Regulation No44 regarding vehicles and vehicle operation
Describes the technical requirements for vehicles, road worthiness, and driving regulations. Article 127 specifies that road worthiness of a vehicle includes meeting the emission and noise limits set by the Ministry of the Environment. The Ministry of Transportation/Communication is to oversee the implementation of these regulations, including emissions testing.
Date Implemented: 1993
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: Green Energy plan 2010-2025
This has been set as national commitment for sustainable energy supply and utilization.
Status: Framework Policy
References: http://unit.aist.go.jp/internat/biomassws/03workshop/material/day1indone...
Indonesia: Renewable Energy Development and Energy Conservation Policy (Green Energy Policy)
The Green Energy Policy includes the roadmap and guidelines for the development of renewable energy technologies for Indonesia, including the need for the related regulatory instruments.
Date Implemented: 2003
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
References: http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/...
Indonesia: Industrial Tree Estate (HTI) program
In order to decrease the rate of deforestation, the government is developing fast growing plantations under the HTI (Industrial Tree Estate) program. By 1994 these plantations covered about 1.34 million hectares with the majority being Teak (67%); Pine (23%); Mahogany (8%); and Agathis. These plantations will provide the necessary wood and associated forest products, without having to log and harvest the country’s natural forests.
Status: Government Initiative
Targets: The plantation program is envisaged to eventually convert 6.2 million hectares of unproductive forest land into industrial plantations by 2000. About 1.8 million hectares will be Teak. By 2020, the government hopes to have half the country’s wood production sourced from these plantations.
References: Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study: Commentary on Forest Policy in the Asia-Pacific Region (A Review for Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand and Western Samoa), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/W7730E/w7730e...
Indonesia: Law no. 27/2003
The government aims to control the utilization of geothermal energy for sustainable development and increased revenue. There are implementation problems related to this policy, especially with regards to the decentralization and regional autonomy issues regarding the distribution of taxation between the central and local governments.
Date Implemented: 2003
Status: In Force
References: http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/...
Indonesia: Medium Scale Power Generation using Renewable Energy
The policy supports businesses with capacity less than 10 MW. Electricity Price by Utility:
Indonesia: Ministerial Decree no. 0002 of 2004, Green energy policy
Development policy of renewable energy and energy conservation, which covers among others investment and funding policy, incentives, energy pricing, human resource development, information, standardisation and certification, R&D, and institutionalisation.
Date Implemented: 2004
Status: Framework Policies
References: http://www.iea.org/textbase/pamsdb/detail.aspx?mode=weo&id=3339
Indonesia: Governor of DKI Jakarta Decree No 1041 on Motor Vehicle Emission Standards for DKI Jakarta
Sets emissions standards. Issued by local/city governments.
Date Implemented: 2000
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: National Campaign to switch-off two lamps
The Government of Indonesia has launched a national campaign to switch off two 25 W lamps during peak hours (5-10pm) to reduce electricity consumption in anticipation of electricity supply shortages due to technical work at generation plants in the Java-Bali grid.
Status: In Force; Voluntary
Indonesia: National Energy Conservation Plan/ Rencana Induk Konservasi Energi Nasional (RIKEN)- Decree No. 100.K
RIKEN is the framework plan for the implementation of a national energy conservation program. It outlines the strategies and activities to support the government’s energy policy through general policy instruments, namely: information, incentives, regulation and pricing. It also aims to enhance public awareness and attitude towards energy conservation and create the appropriate climate that is conducive for energy conservation endeavors. RIKEN as a framework plan for the implementation of a nation wide energy conservation program not been completely implemented, so the benefits that are expected through the implementation of RIKEN are also not yet fully realized.
Target: The Ministry of Mines and Energy estimates that, in the long term, the country’s energy conservation potential is between 10 to 30%
References: Indonesia Government Policies Related to Energy Efficiency, ASEAN Centre for Energy; Compendium on Energy Conservation Legislation, UN, http://www.unescap.org/esd/energy/publications/compend/ceccpart1chapter1...
Indonesia: Network of ambient air quality monitoring stations
The Government of Indonesia established a network of ambient air quality monitoring stations in 10 cities to provide air quality data and status information, to implement the Pollution Standard Index (PSI) to monitor transboundary air quality issues and catastrophic emissions from forest fires, volcanoes, etc.
Date Implemented: 1999
Status: In Force; Government Initiative
Funding Information: Funding from the Government of Austria
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: Paper Sludge and Solid Waste Recycling for Steam Generation
Installation of 100 BD ton/day capacity incinerator for energy generation. Reducing emission by 91,000 t CO2/year.
Date Implemented: Completed 2001
Status: Government Initiative; Ended
Funding Information: US$8-9 million grant worth of technology and supervision from NEDO Japan. Local provision: US$3.3 million for site and EPC costs
References: National Strategy Study of the Clean Development Mechanism in Indonesia
Indonesia: Presidential Instruction no. 10/2005/Ministerial Regulation PerMen ESDM no. 31/2005
The Presidential Instruction (Impres) called on Ministers, Governors, Mayors and other government officials to use energy efficiently. The Ministerial Regulation followed up on the Impres with details of implementation of energy efficient processes and policies. It also included a report of the energy consumption of each institution.
Date Implemented: 2005
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: http://www.usembassyjakarta.org/econ/Energy_Highlights_2005_July.pdf
http://www.resourcesaver.com/file/toolmanager/O105UF1954.pdf
Indonesia: Presidential Instruction No. 9
All state-owned entities (and all government buildings) were asked to implement programs on energy efficiency and energy conservation. All forms of energy consumption were to be reported monthly and energy consumption was to be effected "efficiently and rationally without reducing energy consumption which is truly required". No sanctions against non-performance.
Date Implemented: 1982
Status: Voluntary
References: Compendium on Energy Conservation Legislation, UN, http://www.unescap.org/esd/energy/publications/compend/ceccpart1chapter1...
Indonesia: Presidential Regulation No.5/2006 on National Energy Policy (January, 2006)
Promoting utilization of renewable source of energy: biofuels, solar energy, wind energy, ocean wave and current energy, geothermal etc. Promoting energy efficiency and conservation and optimalization on energy production.Reduction of subsidy on fuel price. Reduction of energy elasticity.
Date Implemented: 2006
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
References: http://unit.aist.go.jp/internat/biomassws/03workshop/material/day1indone...
Indonesia: Reduced Impact Logging for Carbon Sequestration
Implementation of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) techniques to reduce GHG emissions associated with logging practices (estimated impact: 134,379 t CO2 throughout 40 years period). The project involves the development of guidelines and procedures for implementing RIL techniques, on-site training in directional felling, and the implementation of RIL techniques on a total of 600 hectares (ha) of forested land targeted for imminent harvesting. Special strategies, including collaborative planning and management, will be undertaken to ensure that RIL ultimately contributes to local sustainable development. This is to ensure that the local community will gain economic benefits.
Status: Mandatory
References: National Strategy Study of the Clean Development Mechanism in Indonesia;
Activities Implemented Jointly (UNFCCC), ; http://unfccc.int/kyoto_mechanisms/aij/activities_implemented_jointly/it...
Indonesia: Government Regulation No. 03/2005, Regulation on Electricity Supply and Utilization
Regulate the supply and utilization of electricity; priority is to be given to the use of local sources of energy with the mandatory prioritizing of renewable sources of energy for power generation without bidding process. It is not clear how this prioritazing will be effected.
Date Implemented: 2005
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
Indonesia: Renewable Energy Supply Systems (RESS)
To supply electric current to community in the remote areas in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), this project installed 175 units of Solar Home Systems (SHS), 3 Micro Hydro Power Plants, and 2 Hybrid Systems. In operation since October 1998, handed over to Gov’t of Indonesia in March 2001.
Date Implemented: 1997-2000
Status: Ended
Funding Information: AIJ pilot phase project. US$ 3.5 million grant from E7. Local provision: c.a. US$0.1 million
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; National Strategy Study of the Clean Development Mechanism in Indonesia
Indonesia: Renewable Energy Training/Demonstration Project - Kemiri, Irian Jaya (Papua)
Installation of renewable energy based electricity systems (SHS, Mini Hydro, Hybrid System), reducing emissions by 64 t CO2/year
Date Implemented: Formal timeframe for project: 1997 - 1998 but monitoring to extend through Dec 2000
Status: Ended; Government Initiative
Funding Information: Cost: US$ 234,000
References: National Strategy Study of the Clean Development Mechanism in Indonesia; Joint Implementation Quarterly, Magazine on the Kyoto Mechanisms (2000),
Indonesia: Ministerial Decree: No. 1122 K/30/MEM/2002, Small Distributed Power Generation using Renewable Energy
4 Micro Hydro Power Plants (MHPP) have been interconnected; 6 MHPP under processing to be interconnected to the grid; Electricity Price by Utility: 60% x Utility’s Production Cost, if connected to the low voltage grid 80% x Utility’s Production Cost, if connected to the medium voltage grid.
Date Implemented: 2002
References: http://www.gridre.org/images/Session_3_Maritje_Hutapea.pdf
Indonesia: Small Power Distributed Generation Using Renewable Energy
The policy has set tariffs to be paid to generators at 60% of the utility’s production cost if the project is connected to the low voltage grid, and 80% if connected to the medium voltage grid.
Date Implemented: 2002
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: http://gsr.ren21.net/index.php?title=Indonesia
Indonesia: Smog Check
A mandatory regulation requiring all vehicles to pass an emission or smog check before paying the annual taxes.
Date Implemented: 1993
Status: In Force; Mandatory
Funding Information: The government will elect a set of privately owned repair shops as certifying agencies for these smog tests.
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Indonesia: Solar Home System Project
Solar/PV technology is an attractive option for electrification of the Indonesian archipelago because of the complex nature of establishing a comprehensive electricity grid for a country made up of more than 13,000 islands, many of them very small and remote. This project aims to commercialize solar photovoltaic home systems in rural areas, assisting the acceptance of the technology as part of a cost effective strategy of rural electrification. About 200,000 systems were to be installed through this project in areas too remote to access existing power grids. The project also was to develop a plan to meet the energy needs of rural populations for which solar home systems are the least costly alternative.
Date Implemented: 1997-2002
Status: Ended; Government Initiative
Funding Information: Total Budget: US$ 118.1 million. Funded by the World Bank, the Government of Indonesia, (Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology), participating banks, subborrowers and end users.
References: Project Description, http://www.gefweb.org/Outreach/outreach-PUblications/Project_factsheet/I...
Indonesia: Presidential Instruction No.1/2006 on Supply and Utilization of Biofuels as Alternative Energy (January, 2006)
Accelerating bio-fuel utilization for fossil fuel substitution, prioritazing the utilization of bio-fuel for industries
Date Implemented: 2006
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: http://unit.aist.go.jp/internat/biomassws/03workshop/material/day1indone...
Indonesia: The "One Million Trees" program (Program Sejuta Pohon)
The government plans to plant one million more trees in urban areas in order to improve the ambient air quality./ plans to rehabilitate 54 ha of forest.
Date Implemented: 2001
Status: Government Initiative
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Indonesia: The National Energy Policy
In its national energy policy for the years 2005-2020, the Indonesian government aims to increase energy efficienct, promote renewables, implement Demand Side Management and use cleaner fuels.
Date Implemented: 2005-2020
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
Targets: to have at least 5% share of renewable energy in the national energy mixby 2020
References: http://www.jst.go.jp/astf/document2/en_25doc.pdf
Indonesia: Minister for Transportation/Communications Decree No. KM-8-1989 on Vehicle Emissions Standards in the Context of Road Worthiness
This policy sets the limits for CO and HC emissions for vehicles to be considered ‘road worthy’.
Date Implemented: 1989
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: Indonesia Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank, http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/062403-EnvMonitor2003/$File/indo+monitor.pdf
Indonesia: Waste Minimization
Government initiative to begin reducing waste in the industrial sector, encouraging research on industry-specific waste management techniques and technologies, launching a public campaign and eventually instituting fiscal incentives and regulatory instruments.
Date Implemented: 1994
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES MARKET IN INDONESIA, World Agroforestry Centre, http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Networks/RUPES/download/Working%20P...