Policies in Iran:
Iran: Energy Efficiency Labeling of Energy Consuming Products
This includes labeling for refrigerators/freezers, evaporative coolers, centrifugal pumps, and washing machines and minmum energy perforamance standards and testing. The label is based on the European label design due to the market and manufacturer links with Europe(although it is a mirror image and has Persian script). The Standards and Industrial Research Organization of Iran administrates the program. Energy efficiency ratings are based on random selection and testing of the products, according to the established standard performance test procedures at the Standards Organization laboratories. Companies do use the energy label as a marketing tool and run national TV commercials showing their standards’ compliance although there is currently no penalty imposed on products with no energy label.
Status: Planned; Mandatory
References: Iran Energy efficiency Organization (IEEO - SABA)
http://www.apec-esis.org/countryinfosummary.php?country=Iran#Mandatory%20Label
Iran: Air Pollution Abatement Programme
Tehran Municipality will convert 1,500 diesel-fuelled buses to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). A mandatory emission inspection and control program was set up for motor vehicles permitted to enter the city’s Restricted Traffic Zone (RTZ). Lanes were specifically designated for buses. As a result, urban bus services, including ridership have increased in the last three years by thirty-five percent and average trip time has decreased. A Park and Ride facility with a capacity of 200 cars has also increased bus ridership.
Date Implemented: 1998
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: http://www.unescap.org/drpad/vc/conference/bg_ir_14_iap.htm
Iran: Air pollution emissions standards of 1998
All cars, both imported and domestic, have had to meet the ECEISO4 standards for emissions, and in the upcoming Iranian year manufacturers will be required to observe ECE-R83 standards, and the standards for light vehicles in Iran have been effectively increased to ECE R15.04 / ECE R49. Although already an accepted standard in Iran, this was generally not enforced until 2000.
Date Implemented: 1999/2000
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: http://www.ricardo.com/emlegTrial/general.asp
Iran: Area Traffic Control Scheme
Vehicles with odd and even license plate numbers will only be allowed into Tehran on alternate days. However, a previous similar plan, whereby private cars were restricted entry into the city on weekdays using special passes, proved ineffective in reducing pollution levels.
Status: Ended, but may be put back into effect
References: http://www.aghayan.com/iranpol0502.htm
Iran: Atomic Energy Act
The Act covers the activities for which the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran was established, including using atomic energy and radiation in industry, agriculture and service industries, setting up atomic power stations and desalination factories, producing source materials needed in atomic industries, creating the scientific and technical infrastructure required for carrying out the said projects, as well as coordinating and supervising all matters pertaining to atomic energy in the country.
Date Implemented: 1974
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/cnpp2003/CNPP_Webpage/PDF/...
Iran: Collecting old, polluting cars
The Iranian government has implemented this policy whereby older cars, responsible for most of the urban pollution, are collected. The owners of these vehicles are compensated and provided with low-interest loans to buy replacement automobiles.
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resources/Environment.pdf
Iran: Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act
Four categories of protected natural area are identified under this law, and clauses indicated that any previously designated sites are to be reclassified: national park (wildlife parks were redesignated as national parks in 1974), wildlife refuge, protected area and national nature monument.
Date Implemented: 1974
Iran: International Action Programme (IAP), Developing National Renewable Energy Masterplan
Development of renewable energy utilisation and related technology improvements. This master plan will be coordinated with other national development programmes, such as Five-Year-Development-Plans.
Date Implemented: 2004-2010
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
Funding Information: EUR 350 million to be allocated by the Ministry of Energy EUR 100 million is expected to be financed by the private sector, and EUR 300 million to be financed through international organisations, FDI, and other foreign financial sources.
Targets: By 2010, total installed capacity of renewable energy will reach 500 MW. This includes small-scale hydro power (80 MW), wind power (250 MW), solar thermal power (17.25 MW), photovoltaic (3 MW), geothermal (100 MW), and solar thermal (50 MWh).
References: http://www.ren21.net/iap/commitment.asp?id=86 http://www.iranenergy.org.ir
http://www.moe.org.ir
Iran: Law Applicable to Any Economical, Cultural, Societal Development
No details available.
Date Implemented: 1989
Iran: Law of Environmental Protection and Development
No details available.
Date Implemeted: 1991
Iran: Law of Protection Against Natural Environmental Damages
Ne details available.
Date Implemented: 1991
Iran: Management of Forest Resources
Planting fruit species and multi-purpose trees in the degraded national lands in the north. An example of the government’s “bottom up” approach, it aims to improve the economics of forestry, create employment and raise production of non-wood products while protecting and increasing soil fertility.
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Iran: Measures to recover flare gases
Iran is engaged in measures to recover flare gas to increase oil production efficiency and reduce GHG emission. Iran is working with Nippon Oil Company from Japan.
References: http://www.climate-change.ir/en/DNA%20Presentation%20Workshop/07_Yamaguchi.pdf
Iran: National Clean Air Act
No details available.
Date Implemented: 1975
References: UNEP http://ekh.unep.org/
Iran: National Strategy for Environmental Sustainable Development
Environmental study carried out prior to NBSAP. Never implemented because the integration mechanism wasn’t properly understood. However, it provided valuable experience that will be used in implementation of NBSAP in the Third Five-Year National Socio-Economic Development Plan.
Date Implemented: 1993
Status: Planned, not implemented
References: http://www.caspianenvironment.org/biodiversity/iran/forth.htm
Iran: Plant Protection Law
No details available.
Date Implemented: 1967
Iran: The Forest Law
No details available.
References: http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/wssd/iran.pdf
Iran: The Law of Protection and Exploitation of Forest and Range
Includes specific legislation relating to areas which may be declared as forest parks. They are administered by the Forestry and Range Organisation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources and are maintained as parks designated primarily for recreation, although often include important representatives of unique woodland stand types.
Date Implemented: 1967
References: http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/sites/country/irn.htm
Iran: The Second Five-Year National Socio-Economic Development Plan
All economic and social activities must be performed within the constraints of environmental and biodiversity conservation and management. All major development projects (productive and infrastructure) must have Environmental Impact Assessment; Any major industrial and mining activities must be conducted consistently with ecologically sustainable development principles and within the framework of environmental standards and regulations; Natural resource exploitation of must be sustainable in the long-term, balancing the need for economic value, environmental protection and inter-generation equity; and domestic energy consumption must aim to minimize adverse environmental effects (e.g. pollution, move from oil to gas, or preferably to renewable sources such as solar energy). Iran has given preference to the development of hydropower in the past two Five Year plans.
Date Implemented: 1994- 1999
Status: Ended
References: National CBD Reports, http://www.caspianenvironment.org/biodiversity/iran/forth.htm http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/cnpp2003/CNPP_Webpage/coun...
Iran: Third 5-Year Development Plan (esp Article 104:D and 134)
The by-laws aim to prevent the pollution of air, as well as underground and aboveground water sources, and specified the related penalties for violations. Production units are obliged to adapt their technical specifications with ecological standards. The units that refuse to follow the procedure, and whose operations lead to pollution and environmental destruction would be penalized proportionately. According to the law, prior to the implementation of any large production and services, projects and plans should be environmentally assessed during their feasibility studies. Article 134 requires that operating licenses be approved and issued for any company looking to exploit aboveground or underground water supplies or establish urban distribution networks involving heavy industry, animal husbandry and services units. Activities producing large amounts of wastewater, including sewage treatment installations, would also require official consent, while the extension of previously issued permits would be dependant on passing an inspection. Any infractions would result in penalties, based on the type and amount of pollution.
Date Implemented: 1999-2004
Status: Ended; Mandatory
References: http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resources/Environment.pd