Policies in Nigeria:
Nigeria: Development of Natural Gas Reserves
OSO Condensate Project, the OSO Natural Gas Liquefaction (NGL) Project, the Escravos Gas Project and the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Project all promote the use (rather than flaring) of associated gas.
Status: In Force; Government Initiative
Funding Information: Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) estimates that meeting Nigeria’s natural gas development goals (by 2010) will require $15 billion in private sector investment
Targets: The government aims to eliminate gas flaring by 2008 and to increase its earnings from natural gas exports to 50 percent of oil revenues by 2010
References: EIA Country Analysis Brief: Nigeria, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/nigeria.html
Nigeria: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Decree No 86
This law states that before undertaking any project (public or private) which is likely to have a substantial impact on the environment, an Environmental Impact Assessment must be done in order to establish what these impacts will be and how best to cope with them.
Date Implemented: 1992
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; http://www.oxfam.org.uk/whatwedo/resources/downloads/wpnigeria/wpnigeria_envpov.pdf
Nigeria: Hydronet - Sustainable Water Resources Management
This International Action Program (IAP) comissions the Federal Ministry of Water Resources is to collect data and surveys on Nigeria’s river systems and hydro projects with the goal to form a comprehensive database that will be used for water resource management.
Status: In Force; Government Initiative
Funding Information: Federal Government of Nigeria; ADB / NEPAD / ECOWAS
References: http://www.renewables2004.de/pdf/ListofActionsandCommitments.pdf
Nigeria: Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed by the Government with the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) on the production of ethanol from cassava tubers.
This initiative will provide income and support for cassava farmers by increasing production and identifying commercial markets for cassava within various industries.
Date Implemented: 2007
Status: Planned
Funding Information: $4.2 million from USAID, Shell
References: http://allafrica.com/stories/200701190468.html
http://www.usaid.gov/ng/pressrelease.htm
Nigeria: National Action Plan to Combat Desertification (NAPCD)
No details available.
Nigeria: National Procedural and Sectoral Guidelines for EIA for Agricultural and Rural Development
The EIA Law was enacted by the Federal Government as a tool for integrating environmental concerns into all major activities throughout the country. Procedural and Sectoral Guidelines for Agriculture and Rural Development, Oil and Gas, Infrastructural Manufacturing, and Mining activities in the country have also been put in place.
Date Implemented: 1992
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/nigeria/inst.htm
Nigeria: National Effluent Limitation Regulation
Imposes binding emissions limitations in each state. The limits are binding, but individual states may enact stricter emissions limits. The period between 1991 and 1995 allowed for industries to updrade their facilities to comply with this legislation.
Date Implemented: enacted: 1991 in effect: 1995
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-110169-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
Nigeria: National Energy Policy
The National Energy Policy establishes guidelines for the protection of the environment in the exploitation of Nigeria’s fossil fuels. It also emphasizes the exploration of renewable and alternative energy sources, primarily solar, wind and biomass.
References: http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/nigeria/inst.htm
Nigeria: National Forestry Action Plan
The NFAP has succeeded in reviving the Forestry Sector and has provided individual and group training to both the formal and informal Forestry sector. Each state also has in place Forest Action Plan, which serves as guide for their Forestry development initiative. Full accomplishment of the NFAP objectives has been hampered by political instability in the country and ineffective political support.
References: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/AC918E/AC918E02.htm
Nigeria: National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control
These standards were put in place to ensure the sustainability of Nigeria’s industrial and agricultural practices. Sent to plant managers and operators to help them improve their operations, they relate to six key areas of environmental regulation: effluent limitations, water quality for industrial water uses at point of intake, industrial emission limitations, noise exposure limitations, management of solid and hazardous wastes and pollution abatement in industries. The Ministry of Environment enforces the provisions, ensuring compliance.
Date Implemented: 1991
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; National Report for the Intergovernmental Review of the GPA: Nigeria, http://www.gpa.unep.org/igr/Reports/NIGERIA.htm
Nigeria: National Policy on Environment
This policy identified key sectors requiring integration of environmental concerns and sustainability with development. It presented specific guidelines for achieving sustainable development in the following fourteen sectors of Nigeria’s economy: Human Population; Land Use and Soil Conservation; Water Resources Management; Forestry, Wildlife and Protected Natural Areas; Marine and Coastal Area Resources; Sanitation and Waste Management; Toxic and Hazardous Substances; Mining and Mineral Resources; Agricultural Chemicals; Energy Production; Air Pollution; Noise in the Working Environment; Settlements; Recreational Space, Green Belts, Monuments, and Cultural Property.
Date Implemented: 1989
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; http://www.undp.org.ng/envsmy.htm
Nigeria: National Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS)
The Nigerian government and her African counterparts through the help of their legislators should adopt viable national Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) in their respective energy policies that would mandate a certain percentage of electricity to be produced by the RE annually. That is national RE target.
Nigeria: Natural Resources Conservation Action Plan
No details available.
Date Implemented: 1992
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Nigeria: Niger Delta Development Master Plan
Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan is a blueprint for the sustainable development of the area. It is the first integrated development plan in Nigeria that is solely based on stakeholders’ participatory inputs and experts’ analytical guidance in 25 sectors, including health, education, transportation, and agriculture. Its objectives embrace economic growth, infrastructural development, communities’ peculiar needs and environmental preservation for the developmental transformation of Nigeria’s oil and gas-rich region. Details of the master plan are not available yet but according to the report, it is based on "a comprehensive analysis of life, development imperatives, challenges and opportunities in the Niger Delta. Twenty-five sectors, including baseline and demography, education, health, environment and hydrology, biodiversity and natural resources and financial instruments, among others were subjected to detailed study by independent consultants. There were also topic specific studies into conflict impact assessment, poverty reduction, community development and governance, HIV/AIDS and youth unemployment.
References: http://allafrica.com/stories/200703280517.html
Nigeria: Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Waste Regulations
Much of this legislation relates to water and waste management, but it also includes climate relevant provisions. S 17 states that "An industry or facility which is likely to release gaseous, particle, liquid, or solid untreated discharges shall install into its system, appropriate abatement equipment in such manner as may be determined by FEPA".
Date Implemented: 1991
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; PILOT STUDY OF USED OILS IN NIGERIA, www.basel.int/stratplan/oewg1/projdocs/nigeria/used-oils/pilot-study.doc
Nigeria: Power Sector Reform Act
This legislation enables private companies to participate in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. It begins the restructuring of the sector and the privatization of the National Electric Power Authority. It establishes the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) to monitor and regulate the power sector as it undergoes these changes.
Date Implemented: 2005
Status: In Force; Mandatory
Funding Information: World Bank agreed to provide $100 million to assist in Nigeria’s privatization efforts. The Board approved a US$172 million International Development Association credit, some of which is allocated to go towards restructuring and privatization of the electricity sector.
References: EIA Country Analysis Brief: Nigeria, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/nigeria.html; http://www.nigeriafirst.org/article_4214.shtml
Nigeria: Removed Petroleum Subsidy
The controversial removal of the petroleum subsidy in Nigeria was part of the government’s planned liberalization of the sector. The IMF had been pressuring for this move since the mid 1980s.
Date Implemented: 2003
Status: Mandatory
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Nigeria: Renewable Energy Bills
No details available.
References: http://www.renewableenergyaccess.com/rea/news/story?id=39967
Nigeria: Rural Electrification Program
The government aims to connect 1,500 communities to the national grid by 2007 and to achieve 85% electrification by 2010 (compared to 40% in 2005). 5-10% renewables by 2007
Date Implemented: 2004
References: EIA Country Analysis Brief: Nigeria, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/nigeria.html
Nigeria: The Ecological Fund
No details available.
Status: In Force; Mandatory
Nigeria: Vision 2010
The Vision 2010 Report outlines Nigeria’s goals and objectives through the year 2010. It covers all sectors and issues ranging from social cohesion to economic development to environmental priorities, aimed at making Nigeria "a united, industrious, caring and God-fearing democratic society, committed to making the basic needs of life affordable for everyone, and creating Africa’s leading economy.” Some of the mechanisms to achieving the lofty aims of the Vision include public awareness campaigns on recycling and efficiency, the introduction and enforcement of emission control certificates for vehicles, generating sets and aircraft, introducing the ‘polluter-pays’ principle, promoting research in new and adaptable technologies, mandatory eco-labeling for all products, and incentives for industry (loans and tax rebates) to become more eco-friendly and meet pollution standards.
Date Implemented: 2002
Status: In Force; Mandatory
Targets: The main objectives expressed in Vision 2010 are increased political stability, economic prosperity and social harmony. However, the Vision includes several more specific environmental/climate related objectives. One such goal is to increase the national forest reserves to 25% by 2010 (from 10% in 2003). Objectives also include obtaining full compliance with existing regulations, decreasing the emission of dangerous gases into the atmosphere to zero and eliminating gas flaring by 2008.
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; Vision 2010 Report
Nigeria: Waste Management Regulations
No details available.
Date Implemented: 1991
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
http://www.globe-net.ca/marketreports/index.cfm?IDReport=1025