Policies in Pakistan:
Paksitan: "Green" awards
These awards, including a "green journalist award" and a "green NGO award" are given in recognition of important environmental contributions.
Status: In Force
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Pakistan: Environmental Protection Act (PEPA)
The most significant environmental legislation in Pakistan, it requires industrial facilities to restrict their air emissions and effluents to the limits specified in the National Environmental Quality Standards and establishes the penalties for noncompliance. It also outlines the institutional framework for environmental protection in Pakistan, including creating the Environmental Protection Agency, responsible for ensuring compliance with the rules, standards and regulations set forth in this and subsequent environmental legislation. It is charged with the promtion of R&D, environmental education, and encouraging the development of NGOs to bolster governmental activities. It may provide fiscal incentives, awards, tax exemptions, allowances, or subsidies for the promotion of environmental or efficient activities, equipment or processes. The legislation also establishes Provincial Sustainable Development Funds, oulines the duties and authority of the Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies and requires Environmental Impact Assessments for public and private projects.
Date Implemented: 1997
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Pakistan: Forestry Sector Master Plan
Reforestation and promotion of forest plantations.
Date Implemented: 1993-2018
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
Funding Information: ADB agreed to support the implementation of the Master Plan by providing US$580,000 over a 15-month period
Targets: Increasing the forest area by 10% by 2018
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6900e/x6900e0o.htm
Pakistan: Fuel Efficiency in the Road Transport Sector
The primary objective of the project was to improve the energy efficiency of motor vehicles through proper tune-up practices to minimize GHG emissions. The project’s benefits accrue at regional, national and international level. Vehicle owners benefit from reduced fuel expenditures, while at the national level, the oil import bill is minimized. The project further aimed to create jobs and business opportunities.
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
http://www.undp.org/gef/05/portfolio/writeups/cc/pakistan_fe.html
Pakistan: Increasing Natural Gas share in the energy mix
CNG has been introduced as an alternative in the transport sector. During the 1990s the government provided incentives to the private sector to promote CNG as an alternative fuel, and as of 2003, Pakistan was the largest CNG consumer country in Asia. Other initiatives were under consideration (2003) to expand the policy, including introducing a fleet of CNG buses, using further incentives to replace polluting diesel with CNG and expanding the use of natural gas in the power sector as well.
Date Implemented: 1999
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Pakistan: National Clean Air Act
The Clean Air legislation will aim to control vehicular emissions, pollution from industry and indoor air pollution in rural areas.
Status: Planned; Framework Policy
References: National Environmental Policy
Pakistan: National Climate Change Policy and Action Plan
No details available.
Status: Planned
References: National Environmental Policy
Pakistan: National Conservation Strategy
The main objectives of the strategy are conservation of natural resources, sustainable development and improved efficiency in the use and management of resources. It covers fourteen key priority areas for policy formulation and intervention, including protecting watersheds, supporting forestry and plantations, protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries, conserving biodiversity, increasing energy efficiency, developing and deploying renewable resources, preventing or decreasing pollution, managing urban wastes and preserving the cultural heritage. Energy policies include promoting efficiency and conservation as well as cogeneration, hydro, biogas, solar and new alternatives. The strategy also includes measures to control and limit pollution - for example, changing import duties to favor the most fuel-efficient vehicles, and regulate gasoline, kerosene and diesel pricing to make the least polluting alternatives the most affordable. The incorporation and integration of environmental and sustainable development themes into educational curricula and in the media is also an important feature of the strategy.
Date Implemented: 1992
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC; http://www.iucn.org/places/pakistan/ncs.htm; http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/27.htm
http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/environment-division/media/ncs.pdf
Pakistan: National Energy Conservation Policy
The policy enumerates broad guidelines to enhance end-use efficiency in various energy consuming sectors of economy. The policy is likely to create an enabling environment to support energy security plans of the government and for effecting a change in course to sustainable energy and environment patterns in the future. Initiatives include formulating legislation, developing codes and standards, create public awareness, and capacity building.
Status: Planned
References: National Environmental Policy
http://www.environment.gov.pk/nep/policy.pdf
http://www.enercon.gov.pk/NECP.htm
Pakistan: National Environmental Master Plan
Clean air, clean water, solid waste management and ecosystem management
Date Implemented: 2001
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Pakistan: National Environmental Policy
This policy covers all sectors and a wide range of means for promoting conservation and environmental protection in water, air and waste management, forestry, and transport. The policy aims to promote protection of the environment, the honoring of international obligations, sustainable management of resources, and economic growth. It calls for the setting of standards and regulations for ambient and indoor air quality, vehicle emissions and manufacture, energy conservation, fuel specification and building codes. It aims to promote mass transit and non motorized transport as well as cleaner technologies, including natural gas (LPG), solar, hydroelectric, biogas and cogeneration with waste, and offering tax incentives for efficient products. It also calls for creating increased public demand for environmentally friendly products through education and mass awareness campaigns.
Date Implemented: 2005
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
References: National Environmental Policy http://www.environment.gov.pk/nep/policy.pdf
Pakistan: National Environmental Quality Standards
This legislation regulates the air emissions and effluents of industry and other big polluters.
Date Implemented: 1993
Status: In Force; Mandatory (but poorly enforced)
References: National Communication to the UNFCCC
Pakistan: National Forest Policy
This policy covers the renewable natural resources (RNR) of Pakistan i.e. Forests, Watersheds, Rangelands, Wildlife, Biodiversity and their habitats. The policy seeks to launch a process for eliminating the fundamental causes of the depletion of RNR through the active participation of all the concerned agencies and stakeholders, to realize the sustainable development of the resources.
Date Implemented: 2001, 2005
References: http://www.environment.gov.pk/nep/policy.pdf
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN004690...?
http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/ministries/environment-ministry/media/forestp...Pakistan: Pakistan German Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (REEE) Programme
The German and Pakistani governments have initiated a joint programme to enhance industrial productivity through the promotion of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (REEE) project in the industrial sector of Pakistan. The implementing agency on behalf of the German government is the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and both the SMEDA and National Productivity Organization (NPO) are its operational partners.
All the three organisations and NEC, a local consultancy firm, have been working together on a pilot project under this programme by selecting six units from the textile sector. Within the different sub-sectors Spinning, Weaving and Processing have been selected.
Date Implemented: 2006
Status: In Force; Voluntary
References: http://www.nation.com.pk/daily/jan-2006/10/bnews1.php
Pakistan: Renewable Energy Development Sector Investment Program
The program is the first of its kind in Pakistan and also one of the first to be developed under ADB’s evolving clean energy and efficiency initiative, through which ADB is planning to expand energy efficiency operations in its developing member countries to $1 billion per year. The program will expand the country’s power supply, especially in rural areas, sufficient to serve about 600,000 new domestic connections of 4.8 million people. It will also improve reliability and quality of supply.
The first program under the facility will finance a set of small to medium hydropower plants prepared by Northwest Frontier Province and Punjab.
Date Implemented: 2006
Status: In Force; Government Initiative
Funding Information: multitranche financing facility of up to US$510 million. The facility will have a life of 10 years to 2017. Each loan under the facility would be at least $50 million and be used to partially finance renewable energy development projects. The governments of Northwest Frontier Province and Punjab expect to take out several loans under the facility to totals of $180 million and $150 million, respectively. Other provinces can request funding for renewable energy projects totaling $170 million. The bulk of the facility comes from Asian Development Bank’ s ordinary capital resources and will be subject to interest determined in accordance with ADB’s LIBOR-lending facility. Some $10 million of the facility comes from ADB’s concessional Asian Development Fund to support investments in developing institutions and capacity, as well as feasibility studies. Interest for this portion is charged at 1% per annum during the eight-year grace period and 1.5% per annum subsequently, and carries a term of 32 years.
References: http://www.adb.org/Media/Articles/2006/11118-Pakistan-renewable-energy-d...
Pakistan: Renewable Energy Initiatives
Make polices, give incentives and develop tax structures to create an enabling environment for RE.
To engage in a broad awareness campaign for the use of RE and to attract the private sector. Guaranteed power purchases from private sector RE investors at viable rates. Remote area electrification through RE.
Initiate R&D projects in wind, solar, biomass, biogas, micro hydro, fuel cell technologies and other RE fields. Strengthen existing research institutions. Engaging in the transfer of the state of the art know how on renewable energy technologies to local research institutions and private industries in Pakistan.
Expected results: more than 2,500 MW of electricity generated through RE in Pakistan by 2015, enabling environment for the private sector to invest in Renewable Energies to obtain sustainable RE growth, more that 50,000 villages electrified.
Date Implemented: to 2015
Status: In Force; Framework Policy
Funding Information: Government of Pakistan has taken the initiative and committed funds for the pilot and demonstration projects of 5,000 solar homes, more than 2 MW wind energy and 100 units of 5 kW of micro hydro. Additional assistance from donors (GTZ, ADB, GEF, UNDP) and other sources has already been sought for joint projects, seminars and awareness campaigns.
Targets: To achieve a 10 percent share of total electricity generation in Pakistan through Renewable Energies by the year 2015.
References: http://www.ren21.net/pdf/IAPInterimReport060428.pdf
Pakistan: Self-Monitoring and Reporting System/Tool
This tool is used to help the government in the implementation of the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). The system supports the country’s industry owners and operators in their responsibility to monitor and evaluate their environmental performance and in reporting their data to the EPA.
Status: In Force; Mandatory
References: http://www.sdpi.org/researchProgramme/environment/sustainableindustrial_development.htm#6 http://www.environment.gov.pk/Smart.htm