In a case of autonomous adaptation, communities in the Lower Songkram River Basin have developed a number of coping mechanisms to deal with floods and droughts. One is indigenous forecasting methods (for example, ants removing their eggs from the nest is seen as a sign of rain, and a decrease in mushrooms can signal drought). Another is modification in fishing gear to conform to climate changes (for example, when the water level is high, they use traps or fishing hooks. When it is low, they use mong and uan tap taling, a type of net that is anchored along the riverbank).

This project will use participatory methods in planning and implementation to set up water user groups in charge of assuring operation and maintenance of a sustainable irrigation scheme. The project will train the community in proper water management and operation and maintenance of the irrigation furrow, in agricultural extension and agribusiness skills, and in soil and water conservation. The goal is to assure sufficient water to supply agricultural production and domestic use, thus improving living standards.

This project aims to implement sustainable adaptation alternatives in the fishing communities of the Lake Victoria region in order to restore food and income generation supporting activities.

Sea level rise threatens water supply in coastal Tanzania due to salinization of the water table. Lack of steady water supply forces women to travel long distances for water, which takes time away from other activities. In other cases, families purchase water, which can be expensive. Farm operations are compromised by inavailability of irrigation. Diseases are more prevalent due to water shortages.

The Shinyanga region in the north of Tanzania is occupied mainly by the agropastoral Sukuma people.  The Hifadhi Ardhi Shinyanga (HASHI) project, which means “soil conservation” in Kiswahili, is a government initiative under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism.  It has been instrumental in reviving the Sukuma people’s traditional practice of conservation.  Using indigenous knowledge, they are practising a natural resource management system called ngitili - a Sukuma word meaning enclosure.  Traditionally ngitili were used to provide animal fodder for very young, old or sick an

This project includes (1) the provision of  200 hand pumps, several large pumped water systems, 11 gravity-fed water systems, several rooftop water harvesting systems in schools and over 600 household water storage cisterns, altogether supplying water to 45,000 people in 28 villages; (2) the introduction of new drought-resistant and less water-thirsty plants, rain-fed cultivation technologies, greenhouses and irrigation systems to help agricultural activities withstand drought; (3) the creation of community-based organizations that can not only address ongoing food and income problems, but al

This pilot project aims to strengthen institutional and technical capacities to effectively react and adapt to adverse effects of climate change in three villages in different Jamoats (sub district administrative units) in Varzob District in western Tajikistan. The project created an Adaptation Advisory Group in conjunction with Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, and other research institutions in order to develop technologies or adaptation plans.

A community began a project focused on trus cultivation (a type of traditional water conserving on farmlands), magun cultivation (a type of seed sowing that enables plants to survive in the face of sand encroachment), use of home gardens, and shifting cultivation. Since 1998, the Intermediate Technology Development Group has contributed funds and support for this community project.

The objective of this project was to improve livelihoods and food security by rehabilitation of Khor Arba’at delta, sustainable management of natural resources to meet local needs, equitable water harvesting, and enhancement of grassroots participation in the overall development of the community.  It introduced use of micro-catchment water harvesting techniques or contour bunds for planting trees, agricultural extension and training for improved agricultural practice, adult literacy education for women, credit program and training, and formation and training of a community development committ

The UNDP/GEF project was initiated in 1992 covering 17 villages.  The aim of the project was to implement a simple model of community-based natural resources management to prevent over-exploitation and degradation of marginal lands and rehabilitate rangelands for the purpose of carbon sequestration.  The project provided for increasing numbers of livelihood alternatives to diversify local production systems and improve socio-economic conditions.  Measures included small scale irrigated vegetable gardens, pest management, improvement of water supply through the construction and management of