Climate change is the main factor responsible for the accelerated glacier retreat in the Himalayas. As this continues, major changes in freshwater flows will have dramatic effects on biodiversity, people, and their livelihoods. Glacial melting leads to an increase in water discharge, which is expected to increase the frequency of catastrophic flooding events such as GLOF. These events can have devastating consequences to infrastructure like bridges, dams and power generation stations, and communities living at downstream.

China’s effort to mainstream climate change into agricultural development has 3 components: (1) identification and prioritization of adaptation options, which includes the fine-tuning of a hydrology model and its intersection with an agricultural model to predict the impact of climate change, especially water shortage, on farming; (2) demonstration and implementation of adaptation measures through implementation and evaluation of multiple adaptation measures at test sites; (3) mainstreaming adaptation in the national Comprehensive Agricultural Development (CAD) program and institutional streng