Nigeria: Removed Petroleum Subsidy

The controversial removal of the petroleum subsidy in Nigeria was part of the government’s planned liberalization of the sector.  The IMF had been pressuring for this move since the mid 1980s.

Date Implemented: 2003

Status: Mandatory

References: National Communication to the UNFCCC

Nigeria: National Policy on Environment

Malaysia: Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Project

 Malaysia: Small and Renewable Energy Program (SREP)

This program aims to intensify the development of renewable energy as the ‘fifth fuel’ in electricity generation. Under this program, small power generations plants (10 MW and below) that use renewable sources can apply to sell electricity to two of the three main utilities, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) and Sabah Electricity Sdn.Bhd (SESB), through the distribution grid system. 

Date Implemented: 2001

Malaysia: Energy Policy in the 8th Malaysia Plan/Five Fuel Policy

Malaysia: Electricity Supply Act

This Act regulates the licensing of electricity generation, transmission and distribution. It enforces licensing and registration provisions. 

Date Implemented: 1990

References: National Communication to the UNFCCC

Costa Rica: Hydrocarbons Act

Seeking to promote sustainable economic development and environmental protection, this Act regulates the development, promotion and exploitation of oil and other hydrocarbons.

Date Implemented: 1994

Status: In Force; Mandatory

References: http://www.ec.gc.ca/international/costarica/2002ems_envlegis_e.htm

Costa Rica: Ley Nº 7200 para la utilización racional y uso alternativo de fuentes de energía, as modified by Ley Nº 7508 (1995)

This Law allows the participation of private enterprises in power generation where the sources are renewable (geothermal, hydro and solar are specifically mentioned), the capacity does not exceed 50MW, and 35% of the share capacity is locally owned.

Date Implemented: 1990

Status: In Force; Voluntary

Costa Rica: National Plan for the Expansion of Electricity Generation

80-90% of newly installed generation capacity should be from renewable sources, not thermal plants.  

Date Implemented: 2000-2010

Status: In Force; Mandatory

Targets: The operation of electricity plants fueled by renewable sources could avoid the emission of 214,445 tons of CO2 by year 2009.

Turkey: Draft Law on Geothermal Resources and Spring Water