Nigeria: Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed by the Government with the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) on the production of ethanol from cassava tubers.

This initiative will provide income and support for cassava farmers by increasing production and identifying commercial markets for cassava within various industries.

Date Implemented: 2007

Status: Planned

Nigeria: Niger Delta Development Master Plan

Malaysia: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Ninth Malaysia Plan 2006-2010)

The Ninth Plan strengthens the initiatives for energy efficiency and renewable energy put forth in the Eighth Malaysia Plan that focused on better utilisation of energy resources. An emphasis to further reduce the dependency on petroleum provides for more efforts to integrate alternative fuels.

Date Implemented: 2006-2010

Status: In Force; Framework Policy

Malaysia: New legislation to mandate the use of B5 diesel

The standard for the biodiesel is being developed and a new legislation to mandate the use of B5 diesel will be tabled in Parliament as soon as this year. The Government is promoting a 5%-mix of processed palm oil with petroleum diesel (B5 diesel) by applying to a fleet of government vehicles on a trial basis and by establishing B5 diesel pumps at selected stations.

Status: Mandatory

China: Government notice to encourage environmentally-friendly, low-emission cars

China: 11th Five-Year Plan

The programming period is divided into the Eleventh Five Year Plan period running to 2010 and the period from 2010 to 2020. The energy conservation objectives and the focus of development by 2010 are essentially planned, whereas the objectives stated for 2020 are proposed. In its “alternative oil strategy,” which is part of the Five-Year Plan, Beijing has called for a doubling in renewable energy generation to 15% of the country’s needs by 2020, including major increases in wind power and biomass.

China: Medium and Long Term Energy Conservation Plan

China: Consumption tax

Beijing is retooling its tax structure to incentivize the consumption of smaller, more efficient and less polluting cars. Under the current structure, there are 3 categories for engine size, while the new structure will likely have five. Buyers of low or zero-emission vehicles will be exempted from taxes while those who purchase bigger cars will pay higher taxes. (Current avg vehicle tax: 3-8 per cent levied on auto producers. New tax on bigger cars could be as high as 15-20 per cent.)

China: Law of the Highway

A fuel-based taxation system intended to save energy, reduce pollution, and promote automobile technology development.

Date Implemented: 1998

Status: Mandatory

China: Ninth Five-Year Plan

Under the 9th Five-Year Plan, China initiated several national programs including the Brightness Program, Integrated and Comprehensive Rural Electrification, Energy Efficient Lighting, and the Riding Wind Program.

Date Implemented: 1996-2000

Status: Ended; Framework Policy